M
          
        
        
          uch has been spoken of regarding the dearth of
        
        
          upstream activity in the North Sea following the decline
        
        
          in the oil price in late 2014. From the high of US$115/bbl
        
        
          in June 2014 to a low of around US$45/bbl by the end of the
        
        
          year, the oil price decline has led to a number of well publicised
        
        
          ramifications – job cuts, cancelled projects and severe delays – as
        
        
          many major companies (both operators and contractors) strive
        
        
          to make their developments economic. The oil price has since
        
        
          recovered somewhat, but many projects in the North Sea are still
        
        
          not profitable – around 10% of production on the UK Continental
        
        
          Shelf (UKCS) is struggling to make money – and the industry must
        
        
          adjust accordingly.
        
        
          
            Productivityandefficiencychallenges
          
        
        
          A lot of talk has been focussed on low productivity and
        
        
          inefficiency. Offshore installations, for example, are working
        
        
          only around 60% of the time on the UKCS, due largely to poorly
        
        
          planned maintenance, while, when compared to other industries,
        
        
          
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